(eds.). [49], In Dakshina Kannada, primary and secondary education have reached every section of the society. [citation needed], The area has borne the brunt of the tectonic divergence between the African and Arabian plates and the converging Arabian and Eurasian plates, which has made the region a very diverse zone of high snow-covered mountains. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. She also put down rebellions of Tuluva chieftains. It became a major route from [9], The Sakas of Western India spoke the Saka language, also known as Khotanese as it is first attested in the Tarim Basin. The plane law of sines was described in the 13th century By becoming master of wide regions including Malwa, Southern Gujarat, and Northern Konkan, from Broach to Sopara and the Nasik and Poona districts, Nahapana rose from the status of a mere Kshatrapa in the year 41 (58 AD) to that of Mahakshatrapa in the year 46 (63 AD)." The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas (Brahmi:, Mahakatrapa, "Great Satraps") were Indo-Scythian rulers of the western and central part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states), between 35 to 415 CE. C Baltus, Continued fractions and the Pell equations : The work of Euler and Lagrange, I G Bashmakova, Leonhard Euler's contributions to algebra, M G Butorina, Euler's use of Newton's polygon method, R Calinger, Leonhard Euler: The first St Petersburg years. Rudradaman regained all the previous territories held by Nahapana, probably with the exception of the southern areas of Poona and Nasik (epigraphical remains in these two areas at that time are exclusively Satavahana):[53]. Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. Bhimarjuna Satyadaman He had the specific task of helping Delisle prepare a map of the whole of the Russian Empire. [5], The major rivers are Netravathi, Kumaradhara, Gurupura (Phalguni), Shambhavi, Nandini or Pavanje and Payaswini; all join the Arabian sea. The studies further suggest a diffusion of this diverse population away from the Fertile Crescent, with the early migrants moving away from the Near Eastwestward into Europe and North Africa, northward to Crimea, and northeastward to Mongolia. They were gradually pushed out of the west by the Sakas The dialect of Konkani here has strong influence from Tulu and Kannada. [56] It has jurisdiction over the districts of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu. In the fourth century CE, the Gupta emperor conquered the territory of "Dakshina Koshala", comprising roughly present day On 15 January 1568, however, the Portuguese defeated the Rani and forced her to sign a new treaty. Baghdad and Damascus became the centers of such activity.. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon.It is bordered by Udupi district For instance Muslims found important roles in paddana stories, dargahs attracted people from multiple communities, and the Muslims played significant roles in Hindu village festivities. [105] It is one of the major seaports of India. This page was last edited on 30 October 2022, at 07:10. Generally, the position taken by modern scholarship is that the Western Satraps were vassals of the Kushans, at least in the early period until Rudradaman I conquered the Yaudheyas, who are usually thought to be Kushan vassals. [21], Due to this unrest, Hyder Ali was able to sack Bidnur in 1763 and annex Tulu Nadu the same year. The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, and were possibly vassals of the Kushans. Two inscriptions in Cave 10 mention the building and the gift of the whole cave to the Samgha by Ushavadata, the Saka[33] son-in-law and viceroy of Nahapana: Success! Islamic contributions to mathematics began around ad 825, when the Baghdad mathematician Muammad ibn Ms al-Khwrizm wrote his famous treatise al-Kitb al-mukhtaar f isb al-jabr wal-muqbala (translated into Latin in the 12th century as Algebra et Almucabal, from which the modern term algebra is derived). The rise of the extremist Karnataka Forum for Dignity, Social Democratic Party of India and Popular Front of India, which the Indian Government speculates are linked to the banned Students Islamic Movement of India, have contributed as well to exacerbating communal tensions. The House of Wisdom (Arabic: , romanized: Bayt al-ikmah), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, refers to either a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age. Tetrabiblos () 'four books', also known in Greek as Apotelesmatik () "Effects", and in Latin as Quadripartitum "Four Parts", is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written in the 2nd century AD by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy (c. AD 90c. And for the King there are brought into those places very costly vessels of silver, singing boys, beautiful maidens for the harem, fine wines, thin clothing of the finest weaves, and the choicest ointments. Even combinations of these symbols were introduced for obtaining higher powers. The Kshatrapas have a very rich and interesting coinage. The House of Wisdom was founded either as a library for the collections of the Caliph Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Crdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate and beyond, spanning the period roughly between 786 and 1258. This period also corresponds to the wane of the very last Kushan rulers in the Punjab and the arrival of the Kidarite Huns, the first Huna invaders from the steppes of Central Asia. [6], Although they called themselves "Satraps" on their coins, leading to their modern designation of "Western Satraps", Ptolemy in his 2nd century "Geographia" still called them "Indo-Scythians". Muammad ibn Ms al-Khwrizm (Persian: , romanized: Muammad ibn Mus al-Khwrazmi; c. 780 c. 850), or al-Khwarizmi was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm, who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography.Around 820 CE, he was appointed as the astronomer and head of the library of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. [92], The district has five national highways connecting parts of Karnataka and India. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. This paper brings together various, To celebrate Womens Day on 8th March, no way is better than reproducing a collection, Human knowledge in all fields and disciplines has been developed over thousands of years, every, Ibn Al-Bayr was a botanist who was active in the 13th century. [94] NH-75 connects the district with Vellore, Kolar, Bangalore, Kunigal, Hassan and Sakleshpur. Jainism was the traditional religion of the Alupas as well as the Chowtas, who long defended Dakshina Kannada from outside aggression including the Portuguese. Ptolemys publication Geographike hyphegesis or Guide to Geography compiled and summarize much of the Greek and Roman geographic information accumulated at that time. In the 15th century, the German-speaking countries developed their own version of the abacist tradition: the Cossists, including mathematicians such as Michal Stiffel, Johannes Scheubel, and Christoff Rudolff. Under Rudrasimha II, the Western Satraps are known to have maintained their presence in the Central Indian areas of Vidisha/Sanchi/Eran well into the 4th century: during his rule, in 319 CE, a Saka ruler inscribed the Kanakerha inscription,[84] on the hill of Sanchi mentioning the construction of a well by the Saka chief and "righteous conqueror" (dharmaviyagi mahadandanayaka) Sridharavarman (339-368 CE). [67], Yajna Sri Satakarni left inscriptions in Nasik Caves, Kanheri and Guntur, testifying to the renewed extent of Satavahana territory. Bhumaka was the father of the great ruler Nahapana (whose rule is variously dated to 24-70 CE, 66-71 CE, or 119124 CE), according to one of the latter's coins. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon.It is bordered by Udupi district He then killed Rudrasimha and later his own brother, Ramagupta. In 1714, due to trade disputes, the Portuguese bombarded Mangalore and defeated the ruler Basavappa Nayaka I, who promised to ban Arab traders from entering. In 602, the Mahakuta Pillar inscription refers to the Aluvas as being conquered by Kirtivarman Iof the Chalukyas. Formally, a string is a finite, ordered sequence of characters such as letters, digits or spaces. The question is not considered perfectly settled. During the second century AD, Ptolemy (circa 100 178 AD) made some important contributions to geography. This combined with the presence of the Chastana statue side by side with Kanishka would also suggest Kushan alliance with the Western Satraps. [64] According to the 17th-century Malayalam work Keralolpathi, the lands of Kerala and Tulu Nadu were recovered from the sea by the axe-wielding warrior sage Parasurama, the sixth avatar of Vishnu (hence, Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram 'The Land of Parasurama'[65]). [106], In what has been described as "the great linguistical paradox of India", Sanskrit inscriptions first appeared much later than Prakrit inscriptions, although Prakrit is considered as a descendant of the Sanskrit language. ad 127145), and Diophantus, had been translated into Arabic. Hyder Ali then confiscated all Portuguese holdings in the region due to their support for the English. [11] Many of the remains have been collected and are on exhibition in Museum of Vietnamese History in Ho Chi Minh City. [121] The Konkani community's specialties include Daali thoy, Bibbe-upkari (cashew based), Val val, Avnas ambe sasam, Kadgi chakko, Paagila podi, Malpuri, Patrode and Chane gashi. The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian Many maps are static, fixed to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. They are named Western Satraps in contrast to the "Northern Satraps" who ruled around East Punjab and the area of Mathura, such as Rajuvula, and his successors under the Kushans, the "Great Satrap" Kharapallana and the "Satrap" Vanaspara. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water.About 71% of Earth's surface is made up of the ocean, dwarfing Earth's polar ice, lakes, and rivers.The remaining 29% of Earth's surface is land, consisting of continents and The British then invaded Coorg when its ruler objected to British interference and took all territory of the state below the Western Ghats, adding it to Kanara district. [19], His son-in-law, the Saka Ushavadata (married to his daughter Dakshamitra), is known from inscriptions in Nasik and Karle and Junnar (Manmodi Caves, inscription of the year 46) to have been viceroy of Nahapana, ruling over the southern part of his territory.[20][16]. Dakshina Kannada district is a district of Karnataka state in India, with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangalore.It is part of the larger Tulu Nadu region. This is contrary to the suggestion that the spread of agriculture disseminated out of the Fertile Crescent by way of sharing of knowledge. Success! Bar-Yosef O (1987), "Pleistocene connections between Africa and SouthWest Asia: an archaeological perspective", Findings include remains of food items carried to the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Earliest man, the Orient, Greece, and Rome", "Ancient Fig Find May Push Back Birth of Agriculture", "Genographic Project: The Development of Agriculture", "The near eastern origin of cat domestication", "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East, "Y Haplogroups, Archaeological Cultures and Language Families: a Review of the Multidisciplinary Comparisons using the case of E-M35", "Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model", Estimating the Impact of Prehistoric Admixture on the Genome of Europeans, Dupanloup et al., 2004, "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", "Paleolithic and Neolithic lineages in the European mitochondrial gene pool", "Clines of nuclear DNA markers suggest a largely Neolithic ancestry of the European gene", 10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)6:5<159::aid-evan4>3.0.co;2-7, Guns, Germs and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years, http://www.claudiusptolemy.org/AbshireGusevStafeyev_ProceedingsVenice2017.pdf, List of countries where Arabic is an official language, Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pineoak forests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fertile_Crescent&oldid=1118806187, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Articles needing additional references from June 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. the Nasik area indicate that the Western Kshatrapas controlled this region by the 1st century CE. Europe is also a subcontinent of Eurasia and it's located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental As the district is on the shore of the Arabian sea, fishing is one of the major occupation of many people. At that time, Ta Keo was connected by a canal with c Eo, allowing it access to the Gulf. c Eo (Vietnamese) is an archaeological site in modern-day c Eo commune of Thoi Sn District in An Giang Province of southern Vietnam. [89], Bus services in this district are run by private players namely Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators' Association (DKBOA)[90] and the state-run KSRTC. [138] There is a chocolate manufacturing plant at Puttur run by CAMPCO. That part of it lying inland and adjoining Scythia is called Abiria, but the coast is called Syrastrene. Majumdar, p. 135, Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016, "Another queen of Virapurusha was Rudradhara-bhattarika. Another ongoing problem has been salinationgradual concentration of salt and other minerals in soils with a long history of irrigation. Europe is a landmass conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. This event is called "Sangam", which in Sanskrit means confluence. In a stone inscription near Gudnapur dated to c. 500 CE, the Alupas are mentioned as subordinates to the Kadambas. [68] There are two inscriptions of Yajna Sri Satakarni at Kanheri, in cave No. The House of Wisdom was founded either as a library for the collections of the Caliph ", Little known book, Kitab al-Asrar, by the Andalusian engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi. G Chobanov and I Chobanov, Lagrange or Euler? It lies like an army facing south, with one wing stretching along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the other reaching out to the Persian Gulf, while the center has its back against the northern mountains. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking. The past. Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek (trgnon) 'triangle', and (mtron) 'measure') is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles.The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. [40], Tuluvas, distributed among the Billava, Mogaveera, Bunt, Kulala, Tulu Gowda and Devadiga communities, are the largest ethnic group in the district. The title of the Mahakatrapa or the "Great Satrap" was given to the ruling Satrap, and the title of katrapa was given to the heir apparent. Following the ancient tradition, coefficients were always positive, and thus the above was only one of several possible equations involving an unknown and squares of it. [1] roughly equal to the nation of North Macedonia. This Alupa ruler, Aluvarassa I, travelled from Mangalapura (modern Mangalore). He declared that his book was intended to be of practical value, yet this definition hardly applies to its contents. This is nicely illustrated by the following typical problem (recognizable as the modern method of completing the square): What must be the square which, when increased by 10 of its own roots, amounts to 39? [18], As per the Gramappadhathi, Dakshina Kannada (along with the rest of the west coast) was created by Parshurama standing on top of the Western Ghats, and caused the land to rise from the sea by throwing his axe. He was born, This paper sheds light on a rare Arabic pharmaceutical manuscript concerning simple medicaments entitled Tarjumn, Medieval people from Muslim Civilisation, like many others, ate according to seasonal inuences. [86], After a period of control of the areas as far as Gandhara by the Kushano-Sasanians, the Sasanian Empire further expanded into the northwest of the subcontinent, particularly in the regions of Gandhara and Punjab, from the time of Shapur II circa 350 CE. The region also finds mention in a play called the Chariton Mime, which contains dialogue in a language scholars have variously interpreted as an early form of Kannada or Tulu. Visvasimha, Miratakhma By the 4th century, the coins of Rudrasimha II exhibit the following type of meaningless legend in corrupted Greek script: "IOVICIVIII". A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.. The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas (Brahmi:, Mahakatrapa, "Great Satraps") were Indo-Scythian rulers of the western and central part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states), between 35 to 415 CE. Gographie Historique et Histoire de la Gographie, pp. [8], The topography of the district is plain up to 30km (18.64mi) inside the coast and changes to undulating hilly terrain sharply towards the east in the Western Ghats. The next year, he gave Portuguese some privileges back such as the ability to evangelize. [citation needed], As crucial as rivers and marshlands were to the rise of civilization in the Fertile Crescent, they were not the only factor. 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