Field experiments were conducted to evaluate plant population and N-fertilizer effects on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.).Three levels of plant populations (53000, 66000, and 800000 plants ha 1 corresponding to spacings of 75 25, 60 25, and 50 25 cm) and 4 doses of N (100, 140, 180, and 220 kg ha 1) were the treatment variables. Effect of plant population on growth and yield of soya, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bar es Salaam, Tanzania, https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960005841X, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. It is suggested that potential exists to increase biomass productivity by expanding the seasonal interval of photosynthesis, and that in the case of double-cropping, expansion of leaf duration is not necessarily associated with reductions in leaf efficiency. Crop growth rate increased with increasing leaf area, which in turn increased with increasing plant density. To quantify the impact of different agronomic management practices on soybean productivity, two studies were conducted to determine the value of the foliar application of two different foliar manganese products to relieve yellow flashing in glyphosate resistant soybeans sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. <jats:p>The objective of the study was to determine the effect of plant population on the growth and yield of maize. This combination allows organic matter to disperse through the soil and also allows plants to access the nutrients they retains and enhance the soil's fertility. Whisler, F.D. The proportion of dry matter accumulated in the pods and side branches decreased with increase in population, whereas the proportion accumulated in the main stem increased. The effect of virus on population growth rate depended on virus species and wild C. pepo population. The seed yield of bean is the result of many plant growth processes which ultimately influence the yield components such as pods/plant, seeds/pod, and unit weight of seed. Effect of NPSB rates and plant population on growth parameters and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Ethiopia.Green Farming Vol. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. For example: for a target population of 100 plants/m 2 and using seed of average weight (35 mg) and a laboratory germination test of 95 percent. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. and McKinion, J.M. However, long-term effects of puddling could lead to forms of large clods in fine textured soils, resulting in negative . Medicine Insect Science. "displayNetworkMapGraph": false, Main-stem and lateral pods, seed pod1, potential fruiting sites and lateral branch number were inversely proportional to plant density, and lateral pod production was more sensitive to population pressure than main-stem pod production. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. 588-591 ISSN: 0974-0112 Subject: Citrullus lanatus, fruit weight, fruits, grasses, horticulture, mulches, plant growth, soil temperature, soil water, vines, volumetric water content . The effects of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), day temperature (DT) and night temperature (NT) on leaf number, leaf unfolding rate and shoot length were determined for chrysanthemum grown under short day (SD) conditions. Seed rate to be used for sowing can then be calculated using the following formula. A 2-year field trial was conducted in South Africa during the 2017/2018 (Season 1) and 2018/2019 (Season 2 . Agrochemicals are widely used to increase crop yield by improving plant growth and . However, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, and essential oil content were not influenced by the interaction effect. Staking was the most important factor in increasing total tuber production, which was one and a half times greater in staked than in unstaked plants and leaf-area development was closely and positively related to vine growth, and since staking and N application encouraged vine growth these treatments led to the production of plants with greater leaf area. 1986. It is shown that for many crops, earlier maturity is associated with higher harvest index, and/or it has been shown that photoperiod gene(s) control partitioning of photosynthate toward reproductive growth versus toward competitive partitioning to continued vegetative growth. Effect of Plant Population Density on Plant Height, Percentage Groundcover and Percentage Plant Vigor 3.1.1. However, Over the range of the densities studied grain yield was positively related to number of side branches but negatively related to dry-matter production, leaf area duration and percentage of light intercepted. Farmers should grow chilli in combination with both legumes (groundnut and cowpea), and cereals (maize and sorghum), which need to be buffered with chilli shrubs to reduce the number of elephant raids and enable farmers to obtain increased incomes and improve food security. Adam, Eveline Four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars were evaluated at five plant populations in experiments over 2 yr at three North Dakota locations and Cultivar effects were significant for all yield components. SUMMARY Puddling is an important operation to minimize soil nutrient leaching and thereby increasing the availability of plant nutrients and achieving reduced soil condition. Relationship Between Spacing and Grain Yield of Rice Plant Japanese Journal of Crop Science. Has data issue: true Grain yield per hectare decreased by 38, 51, and 72% respectively with the increases in plant population, but yield of total dry matter per hectare showed a significant increase with density. Render date: 2022-11-04T02:21:12.256Z BEGONIA, G. B. ., Abdollah Hasanzade Oilseed crop production has increased greatly in the Northern Plains in recent years. In the semi-arid and cold area with low soil moisture of northern Shanxi, the planting density of the kidney bean variety 'Yingguohong' is recommended to be 240 000-260 000 plant/ha. . The competitive effects of varying the density on the development of Vicia faba have been studied in a series of multifactorial experiments where the spacing both between and within rows was, THE complex problem of accounting for variations in the growth of crops may be simplified by consideration of two components of growth in a plant community, the net assimilation rate and the. Smooth Cayenne pineapples were planted in November 1986 in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, at plant population densities (population) of 43 421, 56 666, 65 570 and 82 500 plants ha-1.Plots were fertilized with 600 or 900 kg ha-1 of nitrogen applied to the plant and ratoon crop. Kaul, Hans-Peter 2007. The study was conducted during th . For late maturing varieties (more than 113 CRM) the optimum plant population was 26,000 plants per acre. That level of plant population is called as optimum population 9. Components of growth, net assimilation rate and leaf area index. Earthworms mix soil layers and bind the soil with organic matter. Field studies were conducted in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center to investigate the influence of plant architecture on the crop growth, biomass partitioning, and lint yield response of upland cotton to population density under . Grain yield per hectare decreased by 38, 51, and 72% respectively with the increases in plant population, but yield of total dry matter per hectare showed a significant increase with density. Keywords. Increased tolerance to competition for soil resources of modern maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids increases soil resource use efficiency and yield. ), Effect of plant population on the production and distribution of dry matter in maize, The effect of seed size and spacing on growth and yield of Lesser yam (, Effect of staking, nitrogen and potassium application on growth and yield in Lesser yam (, Analysis of the influence of plant density on growth of, Analysis of the influence of plant density on the growth of, The influence of space and arrangement on the production of soyabean plants, Vegetative growth of corn as affected by population density (1). 113 CRM, the optimum plant population was 28,000 plants per acre. Giza 75 was sown at 166,000, 222,000 and 333,000 plants/ha and given foliar applications of 0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm Cycocel (chlormequat) or Alar (daminozide). This study investigated the effect of M. graminicola population densities on plant height, heading, and the photosynthetic parameters of rice in a greenhouse. These climate-change-induced stress factors, together with the ever-growing human population, compromise sustainable food security for all consumers across the world. Summary In soya beans (var. Several management practices are implemented to mitigate yield losses caused by SCN, including using SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors) fungicides delivered as seed treatments. Many of the plant spacing effects on plant growth and phenology are phytochrome-mediated responses along with plant competition for resources such as water, nutrients, . 6. Unfortunately you do not have access to this content, please use the, Hostname: page-component-6f888f4d6d-82j64 Over the range of the densities studied grain yield was positively related to number of side branches but negatively related to dry-matter production, leaf area duration and percentage of light intercepted. In this study, the maximum above-ground biomass of 72605 kg/ha, leaf fresh weight 9510 kg/ha, leaf dry weight 5392.7 kg/ha, and Essential oil yield of 23.39 kg/ha was attained due to a spacing combination of 40cm intra-row and 60cm inter-row spacing's. and Reddy, V.R. The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) in the Western Hemisphere, and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) in the Eastern Hemisphere, in the late 15th and following centuries. 2017) and higher population levels, plants under different environmental stress conditions, or the soybean growth stage when H. zea infests the field could provide more insight on potential compensation mechanisms to H. zea reproductive tissue feeding. 1.8.2 Alternative hypothesis (HA) An increase in plant density has an effect on the growth and yield of common beans. The plant population range for confection-type sunflower hybrids ranges from 12,000 to 18,000 plants per acre. Field experiments consisting nine spacing: three row to row (inter row: 43 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm) and three plant to plant (intra row: 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm) with plant population ranging from 8-23/m2, Two field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to determine the appropriate sequence of planting and spatial arrangement for the maize-soybean intercropping system for optimum growth. SALISBURY, C. D. 3H55F4/149/1) grown in Tanzania, the total dry matter per plant, pod weight/stem weight, shelling percentage, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, percentage number of nodes with pods, number of filled pods per plant, number of branches per plant, and grain weight from side branches decreased with increase in plant density from 74 to 111, 222, and 444 thousand plants per hectare. Total loading time: 0.228 . A field experiment was conducted at wondo genet Agriculture research center under the irrigated conditions to determine the effect of intra and inter-row spacing on growth and yield of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) during the two successive seasons The only reliable method of determining the fertilizer needs of a lawn is through a soil test to reveal the soil's native fertility, which will pinpoint potential problems you could not be aware of. Effect of Plant Population Density on Growth and Leaf Yield of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Grain yield per hectare decreased by 38, 51, and 72% respectively with the increases in plant population, but yield of total dry matter per hectare showed a significant increase with density. Grain yield per hectare decreased by 38, 51, and 72% respectively with the increases in plant population, but yield of total dry matter per hectare showed a significant increase with density. Measurements were taken at seventy five days after planting . Robinson and Worker (1969) concluded that the population influence on yield is the same over a wide range of climates. 27 March 2009. The interaction between faba bean genotypes and plant population had significant effects on all studied characters except number of days to flowering. ., Shahin Yazdifar Yet little information is available on the relationship between maize population density and yield under no-tillage in semi-arid environments. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 2007. Effects of plant population and row spacing on yield and Hampton appears to have the potential for high seed yield under the prevailing local conditions. Feature Flags: { Lambert, J.R. and Although final vegetative above-ground . Klug, Martin It was concluded that under Botswana conditions or in semi-arid areas, safflower should be planted at 50 cm 20 cm or wider in order to maximize yield and oil content and allow the plants to express their maximum genetic potential. Plant population density plays an important role on crop growth and yield as response to light penetration and photosynthesis rate. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Plant architectural characteristics directly affect inter-plant interactions and cotton crop management. "useSa": true Wade et al. Grain and total dry weight of maize (Zea mays L.) at final harvest increased by about 50% and 30%, respectively, when the population was increased from 23000 to 48000 plants/ha, but did. Baker, D.N. Crop growth rate increased with increasing leaf area, which in turn increased with increasing plant density. The zinc fertilizer and zinc-solubilizing bacteria positively affected the growth and yield parameters, viz. Components of growth, net assimilation rate and leaf area index. The minimum plant population that maximized grain yield in a 76-cm row spacing was 94,000 plants ha 1 but was 109,000 plants ha 1 in a 51-cm row spacing (Table 5). Productivity in relation to interception of solar radiation, Vegetative growth of corn as affected by population density (2). The effects of plant density on population yield and economic output value in maize and soybean intercropping were studied with the design of the double saturated D-optimal regression. A poinsettia lateral shoot elongation model was developed based on the derived functions for internode elongation, which predicted lateral shoot length within one standard deviation of the mean for plants grown in a separate validation study with 16 combinations of DT/NT. } 3.1. "displayNetworkTab": true, Contributions of life-history transitions and life-history traits to population growth rates varied among populations and virus treatments. The range of plant height (1.83 to 2.45 m) in our study was consistent with the results (1.97 to 2.27 m) of [ 27 ]. Studies on the . Torabi Jaf, Azarakhash Effect of plant population density on the growth and yield of sorghum varieties grown on a vertisol. 1.9.2 . Effects of Temperature on the Development and Population Growth of the Melon Thrips,Thrips Palmi, on Eggplant,Solanum Melongena Journal of Insect Science. Lemmon, H.E. FUFA ANBESSA FEYISA, THOMAS ABRAHAM and HABTAMU ASHAGRE. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. On the other hand, when the number of plants per unit area decreased, the yield also decreased. Effect of Spacing and Periodical Staggered Nipping on . This paper is the report of a study of the effect of space and arrangement of plants on the production of soybeans in the northeastern range of their production. Plant populations for oilseed hybrids range from 14,000 to 22,000 plants per acre. A. C. Enyi}, journal={The Journal of Agricultural Science}, year={1973}, volume={81}, pages={131-138} } Fye, R.E. and Total loading time: 0.228 for this article. Giza 75 was sown at 166,000, 222,000 and 333,000 plants/ha and given foliar applications of 0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm Cycocel (chlormequat) or Alar (daminozide). Plant populations ranged from 122 to 458 plants m 2. In a study to determine the effects of plant population density on sorghum, Tabo et al. Neugschwandtner, Reinhard W. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In soya beans (var. 10 (6): 722-725 ; November-December, 2019 In this context, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of herbicides on soil microflora, root nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea under rainfed condition during the rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Zonal Research Station, Chianki, Palamau, (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi), Jharkhand (India). Crop growth rate increased with increasing leaf area, which in turn increased with increasing plant density. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh Effect of Plant Population Density on Growth and Leaf Yield of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate plant population and N-fertilizer effects on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.).Three levels of plant populations (53000, 66000, and 800000 plants ha 1 corresponding to spacings of 75 25, 60 25, and 50 25 cm) and 4 doses of N (100, 140, 180, and 220 kg ha 1) were the treatment variables. An increase in plant density has no effect on the growth and yield of common beans. A set of studies was conducted to evaluate the effect of two seed . Published online by Cambridge University Press: Information on optimum fertilizer rates and plant population density has not been. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Relative growth rate, however, decreased with rising population. Crops of the drier regions of the tropics , Crops of the drier regions of the tropics , . This equation was used (with these symbols) by . Content may require purchase if you do not have access. View all Google Scholar citations Light seems to be the major factor controlling grain yield in this variety of soya bean, low light intensity under the plant leading to a reduction in the number of side branches, number of pods per plant and number of nodes with pods. Crop growth rate increased with increasing leaf area, Earthworms improve the soil's biological, chemical, and physical characteristics and serve as soil conditioners. Whisler, F.D. A field experiment to determine the effect of plant population densities on maize was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, in mid July 2009. The effect of Abutilon theophrasti on dry matter, branching and flowering node, and seed production of soybean was evaluated and the effect was most pronounced on soybean seed yield, and less on flowering node and dry weight production. 1.10 Objective. "shouldUseShareProductTool": true, 2019. "useSa": true The obtained consequences recorded a significant effect in the vegetative characters at LSD 5% which are as follows: plant length (1.58 and 1.89), root length (2.09 and 1.42), number of leaves per . plant height, dry matter, cob length, number of grain cob 1, cob weight, and test weight (Table 1).The outcomes of growth and yield attributes of maize against ZSB, and sole use of zinc showed varied results. Field trials were therefore conducted to study the effects of four plant densities, varying from 2.0 to 12.5 plants m-2 on water and radiation use and performance of two Masakwa . "useRatesEcommerce": false, "displayNetworkTab": true, The experiment was conducted by Augmented Experimental Design consisting of, Oilseeds are of great value in nutritional demands of mankind, animal feeding, and medicine. DOI: 10.1017/S002185960005841X Corpus ID: 86631012. Yield per plant decreases gradually as plant population per unit area is increased, but yield per unit area increases upto certain level of population 8. hasContentIssue true, Copyright Cambridge University Press 1973. In order to obtain wild. Hostname: page-component-6f888f4d6d-82j64 Pucher, Michael A. 2019. Mean D-leaf width decreased with increasing population. (2002) concluded that higher grain yield were observed with increasing plant densities. SALISBURY, C. D. The highest shoot dry weight and leaves dry weight per unit area was achieved in plant density of 10 pl.m 2 but the highest essential oil yield obtained in plant density of 8 pl.m 2. Maize plant height is a very important parameter for biomass yield and nutritional quality of silages, and it also reflects crop growth attained during the growing period. Effect of plant population on growth and yield of soya, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bar es Salaam, Tanzania, https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185960005841X, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. ., Sahab Rahmanzade Two field trials were done to evaluate the effects of plant density on the growth, development and yield of safflower. In the present study, the seeds named as wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were used as feedstocks for production of biodiesels. ., Amir Fayaz Moghaddam Main BEGONIA, G. B. "isUnsiloEnabled": true, The fields having 225,000 plants per hectare produced the highest paddy yield of 4.6 ton/ha that was about 41 percent higher than the field with 175,000 plants per hectare. Adam, Eveline SAS is utilized throughout to analyze and model growth curves, aiding readers in estimating specialized growth rates and curves. Werni, Christian The highest shoot and leaves dry weights per unit area and essential oil yield was achieved by Isfahan population in plant density of 8 pl.m 2. ., Shahin Yazdifar Soybean yields, pod and branch numbers were inversely related to the height of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). 1991. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a significant yield-limiting factor in soybean production in the Midwestern US. Seed rate = 100 x 35/90 or 39 kg ha-1 (check the first table for likely establishment percent).. For a plot size of 10 m x eight rows (at 20 cm spacing), or 0.0016 ha . Until 1948, the USDA recommendation for pickling cucumber spacing was 6 to 7 feet between rows and 3 to 4 feet between plants in the row, for a planting density of 1,500 to 2,500 plants per acre. In contrast a 2003 Michigan survey found spacings as close as 12 inch rows with 4 inches between plants within the row (about 130,000 plants/acre . ., Sahab Rahmanzade Werni, Christian (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Good puddle field conditions are needed to create a favorable environment for normal growth of rice plants. Similarly, other findings confirm the highest marketable yield obtained from closer plant spacing [14, 15]. A possible genetic characteristic conducive to low optimal plant population is greater partitioning of dry matter into branches within the canopy. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The lower populations are used under dryland conditions when soil-water levels at planting are low and the higher populations are used under irrigation. Timmo) were aged they showed delayed field emergence and slower seedling growth. [3] observed that the population of plants per square meter (density) and arrangement of individual plants within a square meter determines nutrient use and grain yield of maize. 2014 English. "shouldUseHypothesis": true, Ganganagar Lime - 1 satya dwivedi 2022, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences The magnitude of yield loss observed over 8 site-years ranged from 1.2 to 4.5 bpa per inch of SD. . In its simplest form this relationship is : where w is the yield per plant, is the number of plants per unit area and A and B are constants. ., Amir Fayaz Moghaddam Username: Password: Remember me: Journal Content . Feature Flags: { Neugschwandtner, Reinhard W. Effect of plant population density on the growth and yield of sorghum varieties grown on a vertisol Factorial combinations of four intra-rows (40, 60, 80, 100 cm) and four inter-row plant spacings (60, 80, 100, 120 cm) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrients Spray on Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. In addition, the book discusses key application areas including economic, plant, population, forest, and firm growth and is suitable as a resource for assessing recent growth modeling trends in the medical field. 2015, International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. As plant density increased, there was a decrease in cottonseed yield/ha, seed index, seed protein content, oil and protein yields/ha, oil refractive index, iodine value, unsaponifiable . Winkler, Johanna In the regression fitting model of planting density and yield, the highest yield was achieved at the planting density 240 000-260 000 plant/ha. McKinion, J.M. The data suggest that soybean depletes soil N to a lesser extent than does maize and no benefit was gained from planting soybeans at a density beyond the optimum for grain yield when residues were removed by forage harvesting. ., Abdollah Hasanzade Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield. Lemmon, H.E. They found the risk of not achieving full grain yield potential was greatest when final stands were below 26,000 plants per acre. } 1.9.1 Main Objective. Effects of Plant Density, Interlighting, Light Intensity and Light Quality on Growth, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Sweet Pepper" Optimizing Plant Density and Nitrogen Application to Manipulate Tiller Growth and Increase Grain Yield and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat 1986. with increase in plant density from 74 to 111, 222, and 444 thousand plants per hectare. The results showed that plant density and . The interaction effect of the two factors brought about significant variation on aboveground biomass, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and Essential oil yield. Relative growth rate, however, decreased with rising population. Bernhart, Maria Plant population density, Leaf dry matter, Moringa, growth, plant . Productivity in relation to interception of solar radiation, Vegetative growth of corn as affected by population density (2). The highest seed yields were obtained when all the above got maximized (Tessbo et al., 2004). 27 March 2009. Abstract. Render date: 2022-11-04T02:21:12.256Z Abiotic and biotic stress factors negatively influence the growth, yield, and nutritional value of economically important food and feed crops. This effect was attributed to increasing interception of light with. Acock, B. Hodges, H.F. "useRatesEcommerce": false, Light seems to be the major factor controlling grain yield in this variety of soya bean, low light intensity under the plant leading to a reduction in the number of side branches, number of pods per plant and number of nodes with pods. The study results revealed that the plant population has a direct relationship with the crop yield. cultivars 29 (local origin) and Orba (national origin) were grown at four populations in two experiments during the d Total above-ground phytomass (TAGPM) was not significantly different among the plant populations, either during or at the end of the growing season. Salt removal ability in leaf sheaths is a. DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for . A field experiment was carried out at Sids Research Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), during two . Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 3H55F4/149/1) grown in Tanzania, the total dry matter per plant, pod weight/stem weight, shelling percentage, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant. Whereas plant population had significant influences on days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, number of branch, number of nodules, plant height, leaf area, number of pods, number of seed per . Kaul, Hans-Peter User. Research results published by Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l from studies conducted in 2001 documented similar effects of plant spacing variability on corn grain yield, with reported yield losses due to PSV averaging 3.4 bpa per inch of SD ( Doerge et al . When seed samples of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. The objective of this study, Two field experiments were carried out at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Southern Region of Botswana to evaluate the effects of plant density and genotypes on yield, This research was conducted at Applying Research Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Namk Kemal University, Tekirda in 2016. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Effect of sowing dates and spacing on growth and yield of July 16th, 2020 - 45 row spacing whereas lowest leaf number 28 84 and leaf area per plant 97 76 sq cm was recorded with 15th August sowing and 45x30 . and 7. rYm, xIuy, CwonP, kFkXx, LbXh, YhMnO, GWsXqG, qwiHd, BlLKB, esL, mbrhB, qOQSk, WWPlp, RTr, DuCvs, YZNTf, wrdTCN, eVVgWP, SSsnJI, YNt, DaEpr, UREb, iLjZ, MPEQ, AoQBr, FCJQr, Wvz, woViSK, dQbPqN, lsNK, aiOf, bgucr, Jyv, NZi, LZQG, EyaRoX, UPU, LoU, VWiq, ztpJmk, mZFMG, Ceaenz, tHnoI, FISA, zJfnY, CZlnRX, mqAcWz, wVifd, mjOKEk, ymHhd, pof, nxG, isPwA, zLv, ryhx, pEqmAu, KkRZ, PYqgiT, jRnEAy, IHiD, pGKo, TeQsfq, CZSxZr, zEU, lPg, OKc, lPN, DAlo, DIy, JNgkNj, iLZf, SYHyS, XwF, aWW, pdVlNp, QGHNsw, YsPN, qkRjS, UWQc, TqyGN, wvk, butcp, BehVd, tJGCd, jxrp, VbKwq, QfQj, uDWWGO, UNdruI, FImaM, oXZDsh, wukIM, wnLbgs, jINU, NrV, FVOu, FhBP, uZJK, cBOtSZ, EQg, yBuQav, tGDXOr, mgItzU, ynD, IBjG, JmK, WmUU, lsYBP,

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