Talking face-to-face with people, asking questions, and writing down answers. Focusing on the interaction of biology and culture. When the entire group - women, men, and children - moves with the animals throughout the year. ANT-chapter 1.docx. We are delighted to bring to you this novel textbook, a collection of chapters on the essential topics in cultural anthropology. [1] From cultures, to languages, to material remains and human evolution, anthropologists examine every dimension of humanity by asking compelling questions like: How did we come to be human and who are our ancestors? when do AMH make it to europe? Process of explaining natural phenomena through observation, development of hypothesis, gathering empirical evidence. Focuses on evolution, human variation and humans as biological organisms. Begins with with a general theory from which scientists develop testable hypotheses. It is the study of everything and anything that makes us human. Series of beneficial adjustments to an environment. Learn the language and culture of the group being studied by participating in the groups daily activities. When items or traits move from group A to group C via group B without any firsthand contact between A and C. The second mechanism of cultural change. Meanings are carried by public symbolic forms, including words, rituals, and customs. Common Misconception: Anthropologists are only interested in studying "primitive" societies. Refers to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences. Introduction to Anthropology These two men are practicing capoeira, an Afro-Brazilian martial art that combines elements of dance, acrobatics, and music. A fundamental principle of anthropology: that the various parts of human culture and biology must be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence. Approach shifts the focus from local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations to those of the anthropologist. Study of human remains as a record of cultural processes. An island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, part of Polynesia, known for its giant human head statues. Social relationships are based on kinship, marriage, descent, age, generation, and gender, The variation between people with more wealth, prestige, and power those lacking in those categories, A form of sociopolitical organization based on a formal government structure and socioeconomic stratification, Service's labels "band," "tribe," "chiefdom," and "state", Cultural standards or guidelines that enable individuals to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a given society. These conversations may take two approaches: Worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in global movements of natural resources, trade goods, human labor, finance capital, information, and infectious diseases. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. ANTH 2020 EXAM 2 - 15 cards. A distinctive set of ideas, values, and behavior patterns by which a group within a larger society operates, while still sharing common standards with that larger society, People who collectively and publicly identify themselves as a distinct group based on cultural features such as common origin, language, customs, and traditional beliefs, Expression for the st of cultural ideas held by an ethnic group, A sign, sound, emblem, or other thing that is arbitrarily linked to something else and represents it in a meaningful way. Involves the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client. Acts to maintain the normality of a population leading to evolutionary stasis- reduces genetic diversity. Culture. Individual at two extremes are adaptively favored. The study of musical traditions in various societies throughout the world. The relationship between people and their plot is not permanent. Include host country colleagues in their research planning and requests for funding. The ability to exercise one's will over others, The formal, socially approved use of power, Typically have economies based on horticulture and pastoralism. A pattern of variation involving polygeny in which phenotypic traits grade imperceptibly from one member of the population to another without sharp breaks, the basic principles associated with the transmission of genetic material, forming the basis of genetics, including the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes, one chromosome attaches to another during Meiosis, multiple traits are passed on bc on same chromosome. The ongoing exchange of cultural features that results when groups have continuous firsthand contact. A society's shared and socially transmitted ideas, values & perceptions. A society's shared and socially transmitted ideas, values and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior. Study Anthropology Exam 1 using smart web & mobile flashcards created by top students, teachers, and professors. Compare and contrast without hierarchy 4. Research that is community based and politically involved. The study of different patterns in human behavior, thought, feeling & adaptations. The full range of learned human behavior patterns. The study of poetry and how it relates to the experiences of people in different societies. With market exchange, items are bought and sold, using money, with an eye to maximizing profit, and value is determined by the law of supply and demand. Fields of Anthropology b. Darwin and Natural Selection c. Evidence of Evolution: 3. Human Life & Possibility. The social organization of human life, patterns of interaction and power relations. (Photograph courtesy of flickr user archangel12. Anthropology Fieldwork Introduction to Anthropology Created by David_Black44 TEACHER Anthropology 2020 Terms in this set (37) anthropology "The study of mankind in all times and places." archaeology the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. **All members of a culture will hold a shared set of values, ideas, perceptions, and standards of behaviors. When one culture subjugates another and imposes its customs on the dominated group. Refers to esteem, respect, or approval for acts, deeds, or qualities considered exemplary. Direct, firsthand observation of behavior, including participant observation. Principle of uniformitarianism- process occurring today also occurred in the past. Transition from Religion to Rational thinking, Who compared human societies to biological organisms, Who focused on the evolution of Social Institutions and believed that, Who focused on the evolution of Religion and believed that, In order to compare two cultures, one must know the way that each culture group thinks about human nature, how they conceptualize their relationship with nature/environment, concepts of time, concepts of religion, and concepts of social organization (Kluckhohn), Reality: Anthropologists study people in many kinds of societies (rural/urban) in many countries. True Often these informants or key consultants will be a member of the society being studied, who provides information that helps researchers understand the meaning of what they observe. Introduction; 1.1 The Study of Humanity, or "Anthropology Is Vast"; 1.2 The Four-Field Approach: Four Approaches within the Guiding Narrative; 1.3 Overcoming Ethnocentrism; 1.4 Western Bias in Our Assumptions about Humanity; 1.5 Holism, Anthropology's Distinctive Approach; 1.6 Cross-Cultural Comparison and Cultural Relativism; 1.7 Reaching for an Insider's Point of View Roberts. Involves sampling, impersonal data collection, and statistical analysis. 2) the way the languages change over time 1.1: Introduction to Sociology We all belong to many groups; you're a member of your sociology class, and you're a member of your family; you may belong to a political party, sports team, or the crowd watching a sporting event; you're. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf argued that the grammatical categories of particular languages lead their speakers to think about things in a different way. Spanish conquistador who was shipwrecked in Florida with two others, and lived for several years among American Indians, exploring the Gulf coast past the Mississippi River as far as far west a Texas. It contains the past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture. They include the right to speak freely, to hold religious beliefs without persecution, and to not be murdered, injured, or enslaved or imprisoned without charge. characteristics that have either one phenotype or another eg tongue rolling, eye colour etc. ANTH 201 - Saunders WWU Test #1 - 123 cards. Study Details: Learn introduction to anthropology with free interactive flashcards. How do they imagine and explain things? Common Misconception: Anthropologists only collect "Anecdotal" data, which is not useful for scientific purposes, (Bronislaw Malinowski) Trade ring between Trobriand Islands. The variation of speech in different contexts. WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY? In some ways, our habits, characteristics, and abilities are still a mystery to us today. The third mechanism of cultural change. Branching evolution occurs when a new species branches out from a parent species, relies on ordering of strata or layer rock and soil, the law of SUPERposition is geological interpretation which is where layers lower are older, material age to object (isotopic, non isotopic). A tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena. Refers to anthropologists who focus on the cross-culture aspects of the various ethnographic studies to produce cross-cultural generalizations about humanity and cultures. an evolutionary increase in the complexity or relative size of the brain. genetic drift resulting from the colozination of a new location by a small number of individuals. **All aspects of a culture function as an integrated whole and each culture represents an integrated system. *All culture is learned rather than biologically inherited. That might sound weird but funny things happen during finals in big classes. A branch of biological anthropology that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evolution, adaptation, and variation. primatologists. Culture The acquired, cognitive and symbolic aspects of existence. A study of cultures of the recent past through oral histories; accounts of explorers, missionaries, and traders; and analysis of records such as land titles, birth and death records, and other archival materials. whats the evidence? Ethnographers must be consistently engaged in conversation throughout their research. **Comparative and Cross-Cultural - Many social science courses focus predominantly on contemporary Western culture while historically, Anthropology has focused on non-Western cultures. One of the founders of sociology and anthropology. An assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable. The study of patterns in human behavior, thought, and emotions, focusing on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures. testable speculation or prediction, often implied by a theory; the study of human origins and evolution based on the fossil record, covering the relatively brief period since the divergence of human lineage from and our closest ape relatives, the process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, and natural environments where they naturally exist or occur. Technique of learning a people's culture through direct observation and participation in their everyday life over an extended period of time, Systematic description of a single culture based on firsthand observation, Study and analysis of multiple cultures from a comparative or historical point of view, utilizing ethnographic accounts and developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups. anthropology the study of (all varieties of people, cultures and all time periods) anthropologists use holistic approach . The process by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses, such as those posed by climate and topography or terrains, also called landforms. those who study behavior in noncaptive animals are usually trained as physical anthropologists. A complex of ideas, activities, and technologies that enables people to survive and even to thrive in their environment. They would focus on the analysis of newspapers, literature, photographs, and films. 3 pages. This is based on the idea that studies done in one's own culture might bring biases to the research due to the familiarity with the group or culture being studied. One must lead by example and hope that he persuades/inspires others to do the same. Reveals how specific people perceive, react to, and contribute to changes that affect their lives. A patient comes into the ED complaining of nausea and vomiting for a couple of days. rock - used as a tool), **Academic: Traditional, research-oriented, often affiliated with universities or museums, often guided by scientific interest or specific research questions, studies tend to occur over extended periods of time. When female baboons and chimps ovulate, thus mating is increased during this time. 1. This chapter emphasizes how broad the discipline of anthropology is and how many different The study of humankind in all times and all places (textbook definition), can also be the study of migratory patterns, Make the world safe for human differences, Eight Features of Civilization (Result of Western Culture and Ideology). Ethnocentrism. Common Misconception: Anthropologists only work in the world's most remote area among people who have little contact with outsiders. Examine the connections between language and social behavior in different cultures. An activity or object used to draw out individuals and encourage them to recall and share information. a cultural trait or institution found in all human societies or cultures, The web of culture; defined by anthropologist Wade Davis as "the sum total of all thoughts and dreams, myths, ideas, inspirations, intuitions brought into being by the human imagination since the dawn of consciousness.". "A set of social relations through which labor is deployed to wrest energy from nature by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge" (Wolf). Traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that form and guide the beliefs and behavior of people exposed to them. Found fossils in Europe. It governs the distribution of the means of production. The inclusion and combination of both biological and cultural perspectives and approaches to comment on or solve a particular issue or problem, The study of human society and culture, the sub-field describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences. The study of human evolution through analysis of fossils. Languages that descend from the same parent language and that have been changing separately for hundreds or even thousands of years. The belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones. 1. The process of determining what needs saving, preserving sites and information, and destroying insignificant sites. the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment. Wrote Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Occurs when the sequence of bases in a gene is altered. The subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination, A group of people (parents, siblings, etc..) that are considered to be related in some way, The family in which one is born and grows up, Married couple are expected to establish a new place of residence "a home of their own", When an extended family includes three or more generations, A permanent social unit whose members claim common ancestry, People who automatically have lifetime membership in their father's group, People who automatically have lifetime membership in their mother's group, Utilize demonstrated descent - They know their exact relation by name, Utilize stipulated descent - They don't exactly know how they are related, After marriage, the couple moves the the huband's village, After marriage, the couple moves to the wife's community, Seeking a mate outside of one's own group, Dictate mating or marriage within a group to which one belongs (Marrying within a group), Indian Culture: Stratified groups in which membership is ascribed at birth and is lifelong, Gift from husband's descent group to the wife's descent group in order to make up for the loss of companionship and labor, When the bride's family provides substantial gift when their daughter marries, A substitute in the event that the wife dies (typically her sister or close relative), A substitute in the event that the husband dies (typically his brother or close relative). The long-term study of an area or a population, usually based on repeated visits. A small, manageable study group from a larger population. Approximately how many children were born during the "baby boom"? A molecular alteration in genetic material - new alleles, transfer of genes from one population to another, Evolutionary changes produced by random factors. Infer (making educated guesses) based on logic and evidence 3. Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. 1. 3 pages. The section on human osteology and odontology in . Conduct research on ancient civilizations. Reality: Fieldwork can be exciting; however, it is usually mundane. An organized group or groups of interdependent people who generally share a common territory, language, and culture and who act together for collective survival and well being, A society in which two or more ethnic groups or nationalities are politically organized into one territorial state but maintain their cultural differences, The cultural elaborations and meanings assigned to the biological differentiation between sexes, The process by which a society's culture is passed on from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society. define Enculturation. The study of material remains to describe and explain human behavior. What are their rules for behavior? Recollection of a lifetime of experiences provides a more intimate and personal cultural portrait than would be possible otherwise. Tower built by humans to reach the heavens, god destroyed it, thus diversifying the world, All societies follow the same evolutionary trajectory from primitive to civilized, European societies represent the pinnacle of social evolution, while other nations lag behind. Concentrates on the comparison and classification of different languages to discern the historical links among languages. Biological anthropology (also called physical anthropology), then, is an interesting mixture of social studies and biological studies; several other ingredients make it even more fascinating. focuses on humans as culture producing and reproducing beings. In the case of humans, it would be a group of people who directly or indirectly interact with each other. Anthropologists primarily research cultures outside of their own, in a foreign country. Best defined as extended on-location research to gather detailed and in-depth information on a society's customary ideas, values, and practices through participation in its collective social life. Township as basis of organization. Summary. Biological anthropologists study biological evolution, genetic inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, primate morphology and the fossil record of human evolution. A sound contrast that makes a difference, that differentiates meaning. *Traditionally most anthropological research took place on far-reaching societies where little to no information was known about the peoples and their culture. Traditionally among the Yanomami, it is the only leadership position. participant observation in anthropology . How do they perceive and categorize the world? This information was sometimes used as propaganda and psychological warfare for countries at war. Looking at the world and reality based on the assumptions and values of one's own culture. Social distance increases directly related to the need to reciprocate. The process by which a society's culture is passed on from one generation to the next and individuals become members of their society. Life arranged from simplest to most complex, Demonstrated fossils were once living creatures, Tried to classify all life on Earth to reflect God's design, Argued against the idea of continual improvement in humanity. What did these areas concern? Proposed theory of evolution- inheritance of Acquired characteristics. Specialized sets of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups. Ethnicity used by leaders to mobilize people. Adapting to Climate Extremes b. Political anthropology is a field of study within anthropology encompassing an analysis of political power, leadership, and human influence in all aspects of our social, cultural, symbolic, ritual, and policy dimensions. There are 3 components. The use of anthropological data from the other subfields to address modern problems and concerns. Basic Principles of Genetics : 4. Original language from which Daughter Languages originate. A Polish anthropologist who spent most of his professional life in England, is generally considered the founder of ethnographer. a. cultural anthropology b. physical/biological anthropology c. primatology d. osteology e. archaeology ANS: b REF: p. 12 SOURCE: PICKUP 18. Guided by the assumption that aspects of culture are linked and intertwined. answer choices Languages within a taxonomy of related languages that are most closely related. "The study of mankind in all times and places.". Refers to individuals the ethnographer gets to know in the field, the people who teach him or her about their culture, who provide the emic perspective. Knowledge that is inexplicit or unconscious. Something verbal or nonverbal, within a particular language or culture, that comes to stand for something else. Includes land (territory, labor, and technology). Examines, compares, analyzes, and interprets the results of ethnography (the data gathered in different societies), Reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains, The study of interrelations among living things in an environment. Introduction To Cultural Anthropology (ANTH101) University Brigham Young University-Idaho Introduction To Cultural Anthropology Add to My Courses Documents ( 102) Messages Students ( 5) Lecture notes year Anthropology Class Notes 2 pages 100% (4) Save 9.2 Hemoglobin Myoglobin and Basal Lamina 6 pages 2022/2023 None Coursework year Examples: Region, Ethnicity, Language, Class, and Religion. Each author has written from their experiences working as an anthropologist and that personal touch makes for an accessible introduction to . Recognizes that individuals within a society or culture have diverse motives and intentions and different degrees of power and influence. Recognized mechanism by which evolution operated. Encompasses a series of processes that work transnationally to promote change in a world in which nations and people are increasing interlinked and mutually dependent. Developed notation and symbols to deal with kinship, descent, and marriage. 1. An organized group or groups of interdependent people who generally share a common territory, language, and culture and who act together for collective survival and well being. focuses on humans as biological organisms. The belief that different languages produce different ways of thinking. The exploration of human diversity in time and space. Common Misconception: Anthropological fieldwork is an unrelenting series of exotic and romantic encounters. Anthropology studies human life and possibility. the study of man in all places at all times. A small group of fewer than a hundred people, all related by kinship, or marriage. Culture is learned through childhood and growing up watching how things are done and learning what actions are deemed acceptable. belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group; not judging another culture but trying to understand it on its own terms. the belief that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones. A system of logic used to evaluate data derived from systematic observation. The organization of the trive and the autonomy of its culture. An Introduction to Anthropology is essential for confronting the human problems of climate change, racial justice, and health equity in a global age. **Symbols are signs, emblems, and/or other things that are arbitrary but represent something in a meaningful way. Introduction to Psychology (PSY108) Emotional and Cultural Intelligence (D082) Introductory Biology: Cell And Developmental Biology (BIOMG 1350) Biology (Senior/Grade 12 - Science) Perspectives in the Social Sciences (SCS100) mdc IV (NUR2755) University Success (UNV 104) Production (eng 002) Professional Nursing 3 (NU278/NUR2790) Anthropology the study of humankind, human species and immediate ancestors, in all times and places True You can study anywhere around the world about humans is anthropology False Modern Anthropology doesn't take into account the effect of nature and environment on our culture. Anthropology The study of human beings. Draws a sample from a much larger population, A properly selected and representative sample permits accurate inferences about the larger population. Be sure to read the feedback. Back. 1) In each generation, more individuals are produced than can survive. Structuralism is an approach to the human sciences that attempts to analyze a specific field (for instance, mythology) as a complex system of interrelated parts. Contains 4 sub-fields: sociocultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic. The study of material remains of past cultures. The "high" and "low" variants of the same language, for example, in German and Flemish (spoken in Belgium). Languages that form in situations of acculturation. Living in villages and organized into kin groups based on common descent, Refers to a form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and the state. Realizes that members of a culture often are too involved in what they are doing to interpret their cultures impartially. ANTH 204 - Study of Language - 36 cards. Use of insights from cultural anthro and physical anthro to understand the relationships between human health and cultural behaviors. The ability to talk about something when it is not present or visible; a key ingredient in language. introduction to anthropology Flashcards and Study Sets Quizlet. The two primary concept areas that tend to hold biological anthropology together are human evolution and human biosocial . People who by accident, experience, talent, or training can provide the most complete or useful information about particular aspects of life. Investigates: How local people think? Anthropology is the study of what makes us human. Models of Social Power Archaeology, Physical/Biological, Linguistic, Cultural, and Applied Anthropology. Refers to "those fields of the social system (beliefs, practices, and institutions) that are most actively involved in the maintenance of any norms and the regulation of any conflict" - Kottak. participant observation in anthropologydenali zephyr 1 instructions. The subfield of anthropology that examines contemporary societies and cultures throughout the world. 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