A. T. Murray. But in my version, I have chosen deliberately to interpret these epithets in several different ways, depending on the demands of the scene at hand. . "The Odyssey" (Gr: "Odysseia") is the second of the two epic poems attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer (the first being "The Iliad" ), and usually considered the second extant work of Western literature. This really proves how trustworthy Penelope really is stating how no one else had been in their bed. Penelope's Odyssey quotes give a great deal of insight into her character. Penelope must await her husband patiently and, above all, chastely, even as Odysseus takes several divine lovers during his travelsincluding Circe and Calypsowithout a second thought. She has been teaching English in Canada and Taiwan for seven years. Misfortunes befall him on numerous occasions, turning what should have been a journey of a few months into ten years. Penelope is fuming with anger over how Melantho has mistreated the beggar, as she is anxious to hear news of her husband from . 103-104, 112-113) Penelopes actions are strategic and well calculated. 2 vols. Penelope. In Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, vol. On Ogygia, Kalypso questions Odysseus about why he would want to still go home to his mortal wife after all his years with her, and she says Can mortals compare with goddesses in grace and form? (V. 223) while talking about Penelope. And in the Trojan myths in general, Odysseus (1) tries to avoid going to war, (2) exposes Achilles so that he has to go to war, (3) and frames Palamedes for treason to get back at him for making sure that he went to war. In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus is repeatedly referred to as "many-minded," Penelope as "prudent," and Telemachus as "sound-minded." However, that argument is challenged several times throughout the epic. Gantz, Timothy. In this paper we analyse Oedipus' appearance during Odysseus' tale in book 11 of Homer's Odyssey in order to outline and test a methodology for appreciating the poetic and thematic implications of moments when 'extraneous' narratives or traditions appear in the Homeric poems. It not only includes an insight on the adventures and return of Odysseus, but it also includes the stories of Telemakhos and Penelope. In fact, without many of the women there would not be a complex plot to this epic poem. First, she claimed that she could not remarry until she had woven a burial shroud for her father-in-law Laertes. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Penelope characterizes Helen as vain, cruel, and flirtatious. To further ensure that Penelope does not get in the way of the killing of the maids, Odysseus made sure that all the women were locked securely into the womens quarter, including Penelope. Minerva Removes the Doubts of Penelope by Theodoor van Thulden, after Francesco Primaticcio (16321633). Smith, William. At the moment, both possibilities are open, though the solar theme implicit in the scene presages, at least for the external audience, the outcome of the coming trial. This may be an alternate name for Poliporthes/Ptoliporthes. Penelope, wife of Odysseus, is finally reunited with her husband at the end of the poem. Kalypso offered Odysseus luxury and immortality, yet he still turned down the beautiful goddess and chose Penelope. > Godlike, wise, goodly, noble, divine, Zeus-born, glorious, great-hearted, hapless, enduring, 'of many wiles', 'son of Laertes', 'sacker of cities', 'of many devices', renowned, cunning, resour. A preoccupation with "escape" is central to the novel, reflecting one of the essential themes of the epic and the specialty of its hero. Pausanias, Description of Greece 3.12.2, 3.13.6. Study Odyssey Study Guide flashcards. Beginning of the Dialogue: Setting up the Third Cretan Lie, 16. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Many unmarried men started to suspect that Odysseus had died in the war or on the way back from the war, so . Athena, goddess of wisdom, has been slow to help Odysseus on . She does very little but lie in bed and weep. How Does Penelope Use Epithets In The Odyssey, All throughout history, the stories of heroes and their extraordinary accomplishes have been told in various different ways. 24 CE): Penelope and her family are mentioned a few times in Book 10 of the Geography, a late first-century BCE geographical treatise and an important source for many local Greek myths, institutions, and religious practices from antiquity. Her father Icarius challenged the men to a footrace and promised his daughter to the winner, who turned out to be Odysseus. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Using epithets such as the "great Odysseus," "wise Odysseus" and "embattled Odysseus," Homer finds ways to embellish his Greek character. Throughout the book we are told stories to show how wise Odysseus is, but is shown that he can be out smarted. Zurich: Artemis, 1994. Odysseus, for instance, is very often referred to as ''Odysseus, noble son of Laertes.'' So far I have argued that Penelope's myths, above all the Pandareid myths, have special affinity to their poetic environment in the Odyssey, namely a crisis and a turning point from dissolution to "light and life," which in the Odyssey is marked by the festival of Apollo. In his Introduction to Robert Fagles' translation of The Odyssey, Bernard Knox describes The Odyssey as "an epic with a thoroughly domestic base. Pherecydes, FHG 1 F 90 (cited in the scholia on Homers Odyssey 15.16). Cite Book and line number Character Epithet - Book and line # _____ _____ Odysseus: -"the man of twists and turns" (I.1) -"Great Odysseus" (I.228) -"King Odysseus" (I.456) -"godlike man" (II.261) -"Odysseus of Ithaca" (II . Penelope (pnlp), in Greek mythology [1], wife of Odysseus and the mother of Telemachus. Learn about Penelope, the wife of Odysseus from the ''Odyssey.'' Thus in the Odyssey books 1 4 you will find several epithets including bright eyed Athena sensible Telemachus, rosy fingered dawn and wise Penelope. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Theopompus of Chios, FHG 1 F 114 (cited in John Tzetzes on Lycophrons Alexandra 806); Servius on Virgils Aeneid 2.44. What are examples of epithets? [2] This etymology may be related to the myth that Penelope was thrown into the sea as a baby and saved by ducks. Two of the world's oldest poems, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, take it as their inspiration. There are also many important things that other characters say to or about Penelope over the course of the poem: Penelope is a character who is highly respected by those around her. Her main goal, like Odysseus, is to successfully overcome her situation. c. The swineherd Eumaeus discovers Odysseus' identity. Antinoos being aware of this, and admitting to it, is testament to Penelopes smarts. Penelope didnt give up hope because she felt in heart that Odysseus would come. Penelope is an incredibly loyal character, willing to wait any amount of time in order to see her husband again, as evidenced by her refusal to marry. 1) Great - his bravery was known to many; 2) Versatile - he quickly adjusted to new situations; 3) Strategist - he was exceptional at the art of war; 4) Master Mariner - he could captain a ship any where in the world; 5) Raider of Cities - he conquered the city of Troy. Book 1. Penelope is one of the most important characters in the Odyssey. She wrongly reassures the suitors that once she finishes weaving a gift for Odysseuss father, she will choose someone to marry her, Young men, my suitors, let me finish my weaving, before I marryevery day she wove on the great loom but every night by torchlight she unwove it. (II. [23], When Penelope was of marriageable age, many suitors came to seek her hand. Without his father, Odysseus would not have the courage he possesses. They moved into her palace, ate her food, and tormented her servants. From the Greek term that means "added," it is a useful literary or rhetorical device when describing a character for the reader. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. Shes most upset about Odysseuss failure to return home: Shes perpetually crying and expressing her grief. He later discovers that his mother, Antikleia, has passed away, due to mourning him, however, his father still lives. It was probably composed near the end of the 8th Century BCE and is, in part, a sequel to "The Iliad". And though Penelope is presented as a faithful wife, women in The Odyssey, such as Calypso, are often fearsome and predatory, their wiles typically enhanced by their stunning beauty. Meanwhile, Odysseus son Telegonuswhom Odysseus had conceived with the sorceress Circe while making his way home from Troyhad come to Ithaca to find his father. 1.30 the Sea-lord (Poseidon) 1.33 the father of men and gods (Zeus) 1.34 handsome Aegisthus. Pausanias (ca. This means that Penelope must continue to allow them to abuse the hospitality that was expected at that time, and all she can do is try to outsmart the suitors until her husband comes home. Her kleos is identified through the epithets associated with her, namely her virtue, noble thoughts, excellence, constancy, and clever schemes. High School World History: Tutoring Solution, History of Ancient Greece: Tutoring Solution, Who is the Greek God Hephaestus? The shroud, however, never seemed to get any closer to completion (unknown to the suitors, Penelope would unravel her work each night). During their conversation, Penelope told the disguised Odysseus that she planned to give the suitors one final test: she would marry whoever could string Odysseus old bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe rings. Familiar Homeric Epithet examples include phrases like rosy fingered dawn and wine dark sea, white-armed Hera, and Odysseus the great teller of tales.. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Her kleos is identified through the epithets associated with her, namely her virtue, noble thoughts, excellence, constancy, and clever schemes. He beats us over the head with epithets like "clear-headed Telemachos," "wise Penelope," or "Odysseus, master mariner and soldier." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1916. Penelope was the famous queen of Ithaca in Greek mythology, for Penelope was the wife of the Greek hero Odysseus. Penelope is an extremely clever woman who could match Odysseus in his wit. Watch Penelope greet Odysseus in an excerpt of the reunion scene in Homer's Odyssey See all videos for this article Penelope is the anchor that brings Odysseus home from his long journey. Melantho has been sleeping with one of the suitors and has been abusing Odysseus-the-beggar. 1.17 the lustrous goddess (Calypso) 1.19 when the wheeling seasons brought the year around. All rights reserved. The goddess, bright-eyed, the brilliant one, wise one, and the swift one are just a few of the words used in English. After being away for twenty years, Odysseus finally returned to Ithaca, three years into the suitors bid to win his wife. The repeated use of a word or phrase for the same person, place, or object. Pindar, frag. Penelope decides that the best way to avoid remarriage is to create an impossible archery contest. Character Analysis Penelope. Her kleos is identified through the epithets associated with her, namely her virtue, noble thoughts, excellence, constancy, and clever schemes. While a modern use of epithets can be derogatory, classic literary epithets are an important element of literature. [10], Penelope had multiple siblings, though their names and even their number vary across different sources. Odysseus is aware of all that a goddess could offer, Penelope has a very complex and interesting character. The Odyssey, written by Homer, tells the story of Odysseus after the Trojan War. He did, however, speak to her privately one night. Husband of Penelope, King of Ithaka, Greek hero, and father of Telemachus; Came up with idea of Trojan Horse. Back in Sparta, Penelopes cousin Helen had left her husband Menelaus for the Trojan prince Paris. The author and epic poet, Homer, exemplifies our main character, Odysseus, to take on this idea of a hero throughout his writing. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Penelope feels that she is living in Helens shadow and often compares herself to her. Scholia on Homers Odyssey 4.797; Eusthathius on Homers Odyssey 1.343. Indeed, Odysseus return journey had been fraught with peril and setbacks: he spent ten years wandering the seas, losing all of his ships and men in the process. This remains the most important source for her myth. Who is Penelope? Rosy-Fingered Dawn is an epithet from Homers Odyssey, a portent of new beginnings in an ongoing journey. b. Penelope summons the "beggar" Odysseus and questions him. [5], Penelopes father was Icarius. Each person has their low points and highlights, regardless of their rank. He has several opportunities to remain elsewhere forever, especially on the island of Calypso, a beautiful nymph who wanted to marry Odysseus and make him immortal. Penelope. In A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Once again, Penelope is wise and patient in her decision-making. What happens to Eumaeus in this setting is abduction by a Sidonian woman. Penelope By Avi Kapach Last updated on Dec 8, 2022 Overview Penelope was a beautiful princess from Sparta, best known for marrying the hero Odysseus. When Odysseus told her that this was impossible, as he had built the bed out of a living olive tree (a fact that only the real Odysseus could have known), Penelope knew it was really him.[33]. The rays of light from each sunrise looked similar to fingers of pink and red. One important element of all Homeric works is the inclusion of epithets, which are repeated phrases used to describe characters. She embraces him and praises his homecoming. His longing for the reunion with them, which would allow him to regain his identity, is what motivates him to deny Kalypsos offer. The Odyssey describes Odysseus' long. She told them, Penelope may not have as exciting of a life as some of the other characters in Homers The Odyssey, but she makes up for it by being very clever, which makes her a good match for her husband, Odysseus. It can be argued that Penelope is the hero of The Odyssey, thus besting her husband for being the main character. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The epithets associated with Penelope throughout the poem include: These epithets, some of which are repeated many times, give a good sense of her personality. Homer (eighth century BCE): Penelope is one of the main characters in the Odyssey, especially the epics second half. When Penelope tells her story to the "beggar" (Odysseus in disguise), she cannot help boasting a little about her ability to deceive the suitors. In what appears to have been a well-known tradition, Odysseus had no sooner returned to Ithaca than he was forced to leave again on another odyssey, this time to do penance for blinding Poseidons son Polyphemus. Modern authors have sometimes tried to problematize this double standard: Atwoods Penelope, for example, expresses bitterness at being faithful to a fault for twenty years while her husband felt no obligation to do the same. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Free shipping for many products! Epithet or an Homeric epithet. The epithets used throughout the poem show how Penelopes strength and cleverness that allow her to manipulate the suitors and avoid marriage. "There is a time for many words, and there is also a time for sleep.". However, as a . The most important of these emphasized her virtue and cunning, including (ammn, blameless), (pinyt, prudent), (perphrn, wise, sage), and (echphrn, sensible, discreet). In addition, the novel's main female character shares similar characteristics with Penelope. Acknowledge this factor when reading The Odyssey, for not only evidence of heroism, but also other major points of archetypes, in which the device reflects the insights of readers in modern time and what is seen from Ancient Greek culture. The way, While Antinoos tells stories of Penelopes scheming he says Does she intend to keep us dangling forever? (II. Although penelope show loyalty and faithfulness in both text, there difference in the level of her knowledge. However, there was an obscure variant in which Penelopes father was called Icadius rather than Icarius and hailed from the island of Cephalonia rather than Sparta (Aristotle, Poetics 1671b). . Unrivaled Mac notes apps for fuss-free note-taking, 6 Actionable Tips for Improving Your Websites SEO, Copyright 2023 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. [28] In public, Penelope remained steadfast in her resolve, regularly meeting with the suitors but never agreeing to marry; privately, she would mourn, fast, pray, and weep. For example, The Odyssey's writing has a lot of repetitions and formu In all of this she stayed strong and independent, and despite the pressure of the suitors she stayed loyal to Odysseus, even when she didnt even know if he was alive or not. If Penelope would have given in, The Odyssey would not have ended with Odysseus returning to a loyal home. Even when she was mourning Odysseus, she was able to raise and love Telemakhos. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Felson, Nancy. There is an island called Syria, perhaps you have heard of it. Epithets in the Odyssey. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. They had one son, Telemachus. When Odysseus finally did make it back to Ithaca, he killed the suitors and was at last reunited with his beloved wife. Only Odysseusstill disguised as a lowly beggarwas able to string the bow and shoot an arrow through the axe rings. 17.624 the patient man (Odysseus) 17.667 the canny prince (Telemachus) When the suitors find out about it they demand she choose someone to remarry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. 17.552 alert Penelope. Ameirk), Arnacia (Greek , translit. Different aspects of such culture and history may have influenced the works and creativity of Homer as well. These examples are from the Penguin Classics translation: if you are reading a different translation, they may appear in a . The Odyssey Quotes Showing 1-30 of 235. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. In one tradition, known only from commentators writing in late antiquity, the infant Penelope was thrown into the sea by either her own parents or by Nauplius, a neighboring king. final opponent/child of the earth; his defeat allows Zeus to become unopposed king of the gods. See an analysis of Penelope's character, read about Penelope weaving a shroud, and find her quotes. When the suitors begin invading her house and asking, then demanding, her hand in marriage, Penelope knows she must handle them herself. Telemachus exclaims that he has the power, he further illustrates how he has power over his mother because he is a male in a male-dominated society. In his third and final story featuring Odysseus, Hermes relates what happens when Odysseus comes home to his wife, Penelope. 2022 Wasai LLC. When Odysseus encounters Antikelias ghost in the underworld, he says to his mother, Tell me about the wife I married, what she wants, what she is thinking (Book 11, lines 176-177). Throughout 'The Odyssey', the greed and folly of men play a huge part in increasing the difficulty and severity of Odysseus's situations and ultimately change his fate and the directions of his journey. Penelope's wit is acknowledged in this quote from Antinous "For all the Achean beauties of former times, none had at her command such wits as she. ODY-C, created by writer Matt Fraction and artist Christian Ward, is a sci-fi, gender-bent, and queer version of Homer's epic poem The Odyssey.The first volume, which collects the first five issues, is gruesome and psychedelic, filled with violence and sex. When Odysseus and Penelope reunite, but before Penelope recognizes her husband, he says this to her as an acknowledgment of her suffering. She undergoes many years of hardship, but eventually she finds happiness again. Search for an answer or ask Weegy. Odysseus doesnt simply utter his name; rather, he attaches to it an epithet, or short, descriptive title (raider of cities), his immediate paternal ancestry (Laertess son), and a reference to his homeland (who makes his home in Ithaca) ( 9 . Book 17. Meanwhile, back in Ithaca, Odysseus was presumed dead. By crafting a lie that delays the suitors from marrying her immediately, Penelope restrains the suitors from seizing Ithaca, her household, and posing a threat to Telemachus or Odysseus. She asks a servant to move the bed that she and Odysseus once shared, but Odysseus interrupts and says that moving the bed will be impossible, because one of its legs is a living olive tree. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Additionally, he has direct control over his mother despite the fact that she is older. She is a virtuous wife, and is faithful to her husband and protects his household (or oikos, as the Greeks would have it). Penelope had to take care of their son, their estate, and their servants for 20 years. With his true identity revealed, Odysseus and Telemachus proceeded to slaughter all the suitors.[32]. 17.306 The man who'd borne long years abroad. Penelope is likewise unwilling to believe that Odysseus is dead, no matter how long she has to wait for him. Penelope has no epithets that begin with polu. There, Telemachus married Circe, while Telegonus married Penelope. Asked 2/6/2018 1:17:07 PM. "The storm-tossed great Odysseus" is a very appropriate epithet since it describes Odysseus' long journey on the sea towards home. When Penelope and Odysseus are reunited, Odysseus kills his wife's other suitors. The couple lived together in Odysseus small island kingdom of Ithaca, where they had a son named Telemachus. For Penelope, weaving becomes a form of resistance: every day, she weaves the shroud, and every night she undoes her weaving. An epithet is a word or phrase that describes a chief trait of a person or thing. The poem describes, through the characters of Telemachus, Odysseus, and Penelope, ways to live rich and heroic lives. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Penelope from Homer's Odyssey at the best online prices at eBay! The suitors pursued her, overtook her home and aggressively pushed her to remarry as she was supposed to. In the great epic poem by Homer, Odyssey, Odysseus embodies the classic hero quality Greek culture respectsbravery and intelligence. Types of Epithets An epithet is a characterizing device used by the author; Homer chooses the one that fits the length and rhythm he needs in the poetic line. Penelope was a beautiful princess from Sparta, best known for marrying the hero Odysseus. Arnaka)[3], or Arnaea (Greek , translit. The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, is one of the best examples. She worries that Odysseus prefers Helen to her. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Pherecydes, FHG 1 F 88 (cited in the scholia on Apollonius of Rhodes Argonautica 1.101ff). Homer, Odyssey 1.329 and passim; Apollodorus, Library 3.10.6; etc. It does not store any personal data. Penelope Holding the Bow of Odysseus by Robert Hartley Cromek after Henry Fuseli (1806). 39 chapters | In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus is repeatedly referred to as "many-minded," Penelope as "prudent," and Telemachus as "sound-minded." The epithet for Penelope is virtuous, noble thoughts, execution . [29], As the suitors grew increasingly persistent, Penelope devised crafty ways to delay them. Eurycleia in The Odyssey by Homer | Who is Eurycleia? He then took Penelope and Telemachus with him to his mothers island of Aeaea. () Penelope's spirit is one of concentration" (108). Spiritual Growth and Coming of Age The first four books of The Odyssey, known as Telemacheia, follow Odysseus' son Telemachus. As in "The Iliad", Homer makes frequent use of "epithets" in "The Odyssey", descriptive tags used regularly to fill out a line of verse as well as to provide detail about character, such as Odysseus "the raider of cities" and Menelaus "the red-haired captain". Others have argued that Penelopes name came from the Greek word pnelops, which is a kind of duck. Penelope. In The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th ed., edited by Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth, and Esther Eidinow, 11023. She is a complicated woman with a wry sense of destiny who weaves her plots as deftly as she weaves a garment. Ten of those years were spent fighting the Trojan Warthe trick of the Trojan Horse, which led to a Greek victory, was his ideabut nobody had heard from him since. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Her lie gives Odysseus a crucial advantage in the physical fight against the suitors as he comes back to a city and household where Penelope. The Pandareids and the Festival of Apollo. succeed. Odysseus says this to Penelope about the archery contest, speaking of course about himself. Answer (1 of 5): Well, this is a question for Google/Wikipedia/reading the poem if ever I saw one..! Many readers admire Odysseys heroic qualities, ignoring the fact Odyssey also had weaknesses. Because of this, she was renamed Penelope. Penelope is a loyal and patient character. For Penelope, the Odyssey is a story of incredible patience. Penelope had several epithets, especially in Homers Odyssey. How did Penelope characterize Helen in The Penelopiad? Her husband, disguised as a beggar, has returned and is in the crowd, but Penelope seems to recognize him only gradually. Odysseus Character Analysis. But Penelope was cautious; she had not seen Odysseus in twenty years and wanted to make sure that this man was really her husband. Despite those great hero traits Odysseus embodies, he demonstrates great weaknesses humans have in commonpride, irresponsibility toward his crews, and revengeful heart, these flaws ultimately brought demise and trouble to his men and himself, which constantly reminds the audience that Homer represents Odysseus as another human, rather than a hero. 476 lessons. She remains faithful to him during his absence and is overwhelmed with love when she finally recognizes him again. It is perhaps noteworthy that our earliest evidence for the linking of the sun with Apollo comes from Euripides, The first thing to observe about this myth is its striking structural similarity to the story of Odysseus and Penelope, if the latter story is considered as a chronological whole, including parts that are not mentioned in the. . Learn more about our mission. In the Odyssey, she has several brothers (though Homer never specified their names or how many there were) and a sister named Iphthime;[11] according to Strabo, she had two brothers named Alyzeus and Leucadius;[12] according to Apollodorus, she had five brothers named Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes, and Perilaus, but no sisters. John Tzetzes on Lycophrons Alexandra 792. Penelope Character Analysis Athena Odysseus 's wife and Telemachus 's mother. Penelope also has a sense of humor. What's more, Odysseus' cunning is almost matched by the intelligence of his wife Penelope, who manages to remain loyal to Odysseus and stave off her suitors in his absence through trickery and cunning. swift-footed ; godlike ; shepherd of the people ; son of Peleus ; leader of men. Mackail, J. W. Penelope in the Odyssey. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. She does very little but lie in bed and weep. Penelope plays a very important role in Odysseuss journey home, in fact, she is the main reason for his return to Ithaca. 3 What is an epithet in the Odyssey Book 9? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Using her cunning, she managed to hold off the suitors for years. Famous for her beauty as well as her intelligence and faithfulness, Penelope was often seen as the model wife in the ancient world. The Odyssey, Book 19, lines 99-104. Eros, Night, Darkness, Brightness, Day, Cyclopes, Hecatoncheires, Titans. Privacy Policy, http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e912970, https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DP%3Aentry+group%3D13%3Aentry%3Dpenelope-bio-1.

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