The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. false. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited a processing speed far greater than its contemporaries. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. It has pre-programmed curricular material. At MIT, researchers begin experimenting with direct keyboard input to computers, a precursor to todays normal mode of operation. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. A computer could write it with a laser instead. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Lenovo became the largest manufacturer of PCs in the world with the acquisition, later also acquiring IBM's server line of computers. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. C. The Difference Engine #2 at the Science Museum, London. It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. Quiz 1. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. The title of first commercially available general-purpose computer probably goes to Britains Ferranti Mark I for its sale of its first Mark I computer to Manchester University. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. ____ operating systems are typically used for a network platform. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. The PowerBook 100 was the entry-level machine, while the PowerBook 140 was more powerful and had a larger memory. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Customers got a machine with a 233-MHz G3 processor, 4GB hard drive, 32MB of RAM, a CD-ROM drive, and a 15" monitor. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. The success of the VAX family of computers transformed DEC into the second-largest computer company in the world, as VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, the sciences, engineering, and research. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. The University of Michigan Micro Mote (M3) is the smallest computer in the world at the time of its completion. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. 25. The RISC microprocessor had a 32-bit integer arithmetic and logic unit (the part of the CPU that performs operations such as addition and subtraction), a 64-bit floating-point unit, and a clock rate of 33 MHz. The machine used up to 65,536 one-bit processors and could complete several billion operations per second. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. What software was the first available for microcomputers? The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Definition. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. At the 2006 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announces it will create a program to deliver technology and resources to targeted schools in the least developed countries. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. D. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] Subject. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. high interaction between students and the teacher. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. At a cost to computer makers of roughly $700, the ASR-33 Teletype is originally designed as a low cost terminal for the Western Union communications network. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. The most ambitious massively parallel computer at the time, the ILLIAC IV was plagued with design and production problems. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. This free, public set of lectures inspired the EDSAC, BINAC, and, later, IAS machine clones like the AVIDAC. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? The Apple Newton Personal Digital Assistant. Customers included US military as well as industry. The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, as well as Teletype and oscilloscope interfaces. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. The World Wide Web was invented in the 90s The first digital computing services were invented in the The first commercial computers were available in First PCs in the First Cell phones in the 1940s 1950 80s 90s The first computer was designed to fire missles A "Bug" is used to describe While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. To protect it from earthquakes, the building housing it was built using a seismic isolation system that used rubber supports. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. Apple introduces the Macintosh with a television commercial during the 1984 Super Bowl, which plays on the theme of totalitarianism in George Orwells book 1984. Manipulate the data according to specific rules (process) 3. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? It was eventually housed at NASAs Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. Intel's first microprocessor, a 1/16-by-1/8-inch chip called the 4004, had the same computing power as the massive ENIAC. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books The Air incorporated many of the technologies that had been associated with Apple's MacBook line of laptops, including integrated camera, and Wi-Fi capabilities. Definition. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. Cameras would become a significant part of most phones within a year, and several countries have even passed laws regulating their use. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Many companies have attempted to release electronic reading systems dating back to the early 1990s. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Plans for the Mark-8 cost $5 and the blank circuit boards were available for $50. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. A British government contract spurred its initial development but a change in government led to loss of funding and the second and only other Mark I was sold at a major loss to the University of Toronto, where it was re-christened FERUT. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. Of the dozens of different SWTP kits available, the 6800 proved the most popular. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. So in 1971, Starkweather transferred to Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), away from corporate oversight.

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